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不銹鋼加工成型時變形回彈怎么辦？
日期：2025-12-16 12:02
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摘要：<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼加工成型時變形回彈怎么辦？</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不銹鋼的回彈的確麻煩，跟很多原因有關(guān)系。硬度方面，硬度越大，回彈越大。上次用了</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">301-EH</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">料，回彈放到</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">14</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">度。彎曲半徑料厚與料厚比：比值越大，回彈越大。</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">SUS301</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">比</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">SUS304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">回彈大，相同情況下，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">比</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">301</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">回彈小</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">度。另外日本</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">301</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">比臺灣料回彈要大。成型方式也有差異。一步成型的回彈比多次成型的回彈要大。試模后修正，差多少度改多少度，而且要注意回彈有角度回彈和半徑回彈，具體情況具體分析了。當然如果技師的技術(shù)好，會錯位來調(diào)整，調(diào)整好后通知設(shè)計進行相應(yīng)更改。一般每次移</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">5</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">條來試，這個就是靠技師的技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗了。由于不銹鋼自身屈服點高，不銹鋼板折彎加工要點。硬度高，冷作硬化效應(yīng)顯著。</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">延伸率低，因?qū)嵝员绕胀ǖ吞间摬?。?dǎo)致所需變形力大</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不銹鋼板料在折彎時與碳鋼相比有強烈的回彈傾向</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不銹鋼板相對于碳鋼由于延伸率低，折彎時工件折彎角</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">R</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">要大于碳鋼，否則有出現(xiàn)裂紋的可能</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">由于不銹鋼板硬度高，冷作硬化效應(yīng)顯著因此在選擇壓彎刀具時要選擇熱處置硬度應(yīng)達到</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">60HRC</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">以上的工具鋼，其外表粗糙度要比碳鋼的壓彎刀具高一個數(shù)量級。</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">一般來說單位尺寸下，根據(jù)以上特性。板材越厚，所需折彎力越大，而且隨著板厚增大在選擇折彎設(shè)備時折彎力的裕量應(yīng)該更大</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">單位尺寸下，抗拉強度越大，延伸率越小，所需折彎力越大，折彎角應(yīng)該越大</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">設(shè)計圖中板厚與折彎半徑對應(yīng)情況下，根據(jù)經(jīng)驗，一道彎工件的展開尺寸為直角邊相加減去兩個板厚，完全可以滿足設(shè)計精度要求。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗公式計算展開量可簡化計算過程大大提高生產(chǎn)效率</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">材質(zhì)的屈服強度越大，彈性回復(fù)量就越大，為獲得折彎件</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">90</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">度的角度，所需壓刀的角度就要設(shè)計的越小。相對于碳鋼相同板厚的不銹鋼折彎角較大，這一點應(yīng)特別注意否則會出現(xiàn)壓彎裂紋，影響工件強度。</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
不銹鋼加工成型時變形回彈怎么辦？
不銹鋼的回彈的確麻煩，跟很多原因有關(guān)系。硬度方面，硬度越大，回彈越大。上次用了301-EH料，回彈放到14度。彎曲半徑料厚與料厚比：比值越大，回彈越大。SUS301比SUS304回彈大，相同情況下，304比301回彈小2度。另外日本301比臺灣料回彈要大。成型方式也有差異。一步成型的回彈比多次成型的回彈要大。試模后修正，差多少度改多少度，而且要注意回彈有角度回彈和半徑回彈，具體情況具體分析了。當然如果技師的技術(shù)好，會錯位來調(diào)整，調(diào)整好后通知設(shè)計進行相應(yīng)更改。一般每次移5條來試，這個就是靠技師的技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗了。由于不銹鋼自身屈服點高，不銹鋼板折彎加工要點。硬度高，冷作硬化效應(yīng)顯著。
延伸率低，因?qū)嵝员绕胀ǖ吞间摬睢?dǎo)致所需變形力大;不銹鋼板料在折彎時與碳鋼相比有強烈的回彈傾向;不銹鋼板相對于碳鋼由于延伸率低，折彎時工件折彎角R要大于碳鋼，否則有出現(xiàn)裂紋的可能;由于不銹鋼板硬度高，冷作硬化效應(yīng)顯著因此在選擇壓彎刀具時要選擇熱處置硬度應(yīng)達到60HRC以上的工具鋼，其外表粗糙度要比碳鋼的壓彎刀具高一個數(shù)量級。
一般來說單位尺寸下，根據(jù)以上特性。板材越厚，所需折彎力越大，而且隨著板厚增大在選擇折彎設(shè)備時折彎力的裕量應(yīng)該更大;單位尺寸下，抗拉強度越大，延伸率越小，所需折彎力越大，折彎角應(yīng)該越大;設(shè)計圖中板厚與折彎半徑對應(yīng)情況下，根據(jù)經(jīng)驗，一道彎工件的展開尺寸為直角邊相加減去兩個板厚，完全可以滿足設(shè)計精度要求。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗公式計算展開量可簡化計算過程大大提高生產(chǎn)效率;材質(zhì)的屈服強度越大，彈性回復(fù)量就越大，為獲得折彎件90度的角度，所需壓刀的角度就要設(shè)計的越小。相對于碳鋼相同板厚的不銹鋼折彎角較大，這一點應(yīng)特別注意否則會出現(xiàn)壓彎裂紋，影響工件強度。
